Evaluation of Counseling Effectiveness on Students Study Habit Differentials and Academic Achievements

In both experimental and control groups, concept knowledge test and study habit problem inventory were the pre-treatment measures used to establish equivalence of the two groups, while the concept Achievement test, based on the English Language concepts taught, was administered at the end of the experiment to both groups to assess the effects of the counseling on students’ performance in the subject. The results revealed the counseled students performed significantly better than uncounseled students (t=3.62, df 88, p<.01).

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Evaluation of Students Perception of School Counseling and Their Attitudes toward its Programs

The study examined the relationship between perception and attitudes of 640 students toward school counseling and the distribution along sex, class, school location and socio-economic levels using the Students Perception and Attitude Questionnaire (SPAQ) as well as simple percentage, Pearson product moment and t-test techniques. Results showed that a significant relationship exists between perception and attitudes to school counseling. While there was a general low perception which reflected on attitudes, all the variables in the study except sex were found to be significant factors that influence perception as well as attitudes towards counseling.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Teachers Perception of the Roles of Guidance Counsellors in Secondary Schools in Rivers State

The “School Teachers’ Perception of Guidance Counsellors Rating Scale” (STPRGCRS) was administered to the respondents to collect necessary data. The t-test statistics was used to test three null hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that there were no significant differences in teachers’ perception of the role of Guidance counsellors in secondary school in Rivers State. Therefore, the three null hypotheses were accepted. Based on the above findings six (6) recommendation were made: (1) The Government of Rivers State should endeavor to establish counselling units in each secondary schools, and should be functional to meet the needs of students. (2) Qualified counsellors from accredited colleges and universities, with minimum qualification of bachelor in Guidance and counselling or psychology. (3) Counsellors should focus on counselling students as their primary functions. (4) Counsellors should hold staffing with parents, students and teachers as time will permit in each school session. (5) Counsellors should strictly observe confidentiality as code of ethics. (6) Counsellor should be able to refer students with major emotional problems to the appropriate helping professionals.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Appraisal of Students Perception on Population Control and Implications for Counseling

A sample of 1000 secondary school students was randomly drawn through a stratified random sampling technique. The study was carried out in Delta State of Nigeria. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire containing population control measures was used to obtain information on the perception of secondary school students. Percentage, Analysis of variance and F-test were used for data analysis. Seven measures for population control were evaluated. The result showed that the most preferred measure by students is population control through education and counseling. Perception of students did not differ significantly. Recommendations were made for effective counseling on population control.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Role of Greater Amman Municipality in the Making of a Knowledge City

productivity and competiveness, business and enterprises, knowledge and technology, skills and learning, key centers, participants and leadership. To address these activities, a semi-structured interviews and conversations were concerned about raising the crucial issues to have knowledge city in Amman. The results concluded that all above activities applied on GAM and facilitate transform Amman to a knowledge city. It also illustrates how the GAM play a key role in developing Amman as a globally recognized, entrepreneurial and competitive knowledge city.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

AMERICAN RESEARCH JOURNALS - Classified Ad

AMERICAN RESEARCH JOURNALS - Classified Ad

Product Designing through Conjoint Analysis and Curve Fitting of Financial Data: A Case of Birla Tyres

This case study focuses on the product designing of domestic bias tyres of trucks and bus. There are some attributes of tyres by which potential customers are focusing on these attributes but by taking the most significant attributes like “Application”, “After sales service” and “Rim size” and using the conjoint analysis technique the best combination has been selected. For financial data the curve fitting method of least square of straight line parabolic curve methods are applied for forecasting for the next 10 years and the comparative study also carried out for managerial implication of this company.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Measuring Employee Satisfaction through Factor Analysis: A Case of State Bank of India (SBI) in Bhubaneswar

Employee satisfaction refers to the general attitude of employees towards their job and the socio-psychological environment related to the job dimension. Employee satisfaction is the cause for several benefits and consequences of many factors. When employees are satisfied with their jobs, their lives away from jobs will be better off. In contrast, the dissatisfied employee carries the negative attitude home. Some benefits of job satisfaction accrue to every citizen of society. Satisfied employees are more likely to be satisfied citizens. These people will hold a more positive attitude towards life in general and make for a society of more psychologically healthy people. Now-a-days most of the employee-centric organizations emphasize on the personal growth and satisfaction of their workforce. State Bank of India has been a pioneer in its HR policy over the years with the basic underlying principle of sharing and caring and a sense of belongingness amongst all employees who are considered to be a part of SBI family.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

A Study on Perceived Service Quality of IDEA Cellular Ltd. - A Case Study on Factor Analysis

Idea Cellular's history dates back to the year 1995, when it was incorporated as Birla Communication services, the company entered into a joint venture with Grasim Industries and the global telecom giant AT&T. The same year, its name was changed to Birla AT&T Communications Limited. A merger with Tata Cellular Limited took place in 2000. In 2002, the company created the brand ‘Idea' and changed its name to Idea Cellular Limited. The same year it launched operations in Delhi and crossed the one million subscriber base; in 2005, it crossed the subscriber base of five million. In 2006, the Tata Group transferred all its shares to the Aditya Birla Group and the group became the largest shareholder in the company. In 2007, Idea came with an IPO and got listed on the bourses - the same year it reached the subscriber base of 20 million.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Employment Gender Inequality: Overlook of Georgian Labor Market

Labor market gender disparity – is the problem for many country. Employment sphere gender vertical and horizontal segregation and gender stratification refers to the overrepresentation of women or men in certain types of jobs and their under-representation in others. Despite of passage of the legislation guaranteeing equal employment opportunities and equal pay for women and men, despite some progress in the achieving of gender equality in different sphere of life, the employment sphere remains highly gender-segregated. Employment gender disparities can be given in terms of labor market participation, occupation, employment sectors, and income. This research is concentrated on the particularities of employment gender disparity in Georgia. Given paper presents the analyze of labor market in Georgia by criteria such as: gender differences in labor force participation and employment rate, employment gender division by kind of activity, occupation, employment status, and gender pay disparity. For the calculation and analysis of the pay gender disproportion two indexes are used: the Index of Pay Gender Differentiation (PGD) and the Index of Pay Gender Gap (PGG).

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Insights of the Mongolian Labor Market

World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report is a global ranking of the economies, covering over 100 indicators. However, a detailed profile and extensive data tables are perhaps inadequate to explain the existing circumstances of each individual country. The labor market of Mongolia, with its sudden, high evaluation results attracted particular attention of the authors, questioning whether corresponding scores provide sufficient information to understand and define the problem solving policy. The main concern raised by this study is to explain whether and to what extend the Mongolian overall ranking was affected by Flexibility, Management, Gender issues in the labor market.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Store Environment, Personality Factors and Impulse Buying Behavior in Egypt: The Mediating roles of Shop Enjoyment and Impulse Buying Tendencies

The data were obtained using a structured questionnaire from 500 participants, with a reasonable mix of demographic characteristics, recruited from mega mall customers working in Cairo –Egypt. The results indicated that three personality factors (impulsivity, excitement, and esteem) and two shop environment factors (music and layout) were significantly associated with impulse buying behavior. In addition, impulse buying tendency appeared to fully mediate the relationships between personality factors, shop enjoyment factors and impulse buying behavior. While shop enjoyment tendency appeared to fully mediate the relationship between store environment factors and impulse buying behavior, but did not mediate the relationship between personality factors and impulse buying behavior. The results were discussed in line with the extant literature. Research limitations and implications were reported.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Business Model as a Configuration of Value: Toward a Unified Conception

Drawing on the lack of unified definition of the business model (BM), this research attempts to compare the BM concept with similar business and managerial concepts that have dominated business and management literature. The purpose is to justify its primacy and wide acceptance in the business vocabulary. The authors define an integrative framework that underscores the centrality of the notion of value and captures the BM’s key components without constraining it to a specific field of research or industry. One of the key contributions of this research is to provide a wide-ranging definition of the BM that addresses the main dimensions of the value creation process and that can be shared and accepted by the business community regardless of perception, understanding, or theoretical anchoring.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Modeling Service Ecosystems Innovation

A service ecosystem refers to such a complex service system that is relatively self-contained, self-adjusting systems of resource-integrating actors connected by shared institutional logics and mutual value creation through service exchange with emphasis on dynamic features like adaptation, viability and sustainability. In this paper focusing on innovation we first analyze service ecosystems in systems perspective by adopting Panarchy and Transition Management Theory in particular. Panarchy is a framework for analyzing ecosystem developed to account for the dual characteristics of all complex systems, i.e., stability and change. Transition Management Theory is a well-known framework for arguing governance of social systems for sustainability. Second, based on the arguments, we propose Hierarchical Model of Service Ecosystems Innovation, which describes dynamic behavior of service ecosystems innovation in such a comprehensive way that some important key concepts in service innovation research are positioned in it. Finally, we illustrate validity of the model by applying it to a case of service ecosystems innovation of portable audio players.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Analysis of Effectiveness of Executive Trainees’ Training Programme with a Special Reference to Non-academic Parameters

The aim of the study is to analyze the efficiency of Training programme with a special reference to non-academic parameters and to find out if there is any improvement required to make the training programme more effective. The study has used descriptive research design. The sample size was 127. A survey was carried out to obtain feedback of the trainees and assess the training delivery on non-academic aspect. The findings show that the trainees were satisfied to a large extent with the training programme. To conclude, trainees should be asked to provide continuous feedback regarding the study material, faculty, food, facilities and infrastructure like library and computer labs.

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

On an Advertisement of the Koton Company -The Misleading Children

This article examines whether some advertisements may abuse children to make more money and reach broad target or not. This type of topic always is attractive in terms of media and psychologists and hence we just analyze one example advertisement, which is “Koton”, and by doing so, we see that it applies wrong strategies because of misleading children. With the help of this advertisement, we conclude that there is a huge relationship between advertisers and audiences in terms of marketing communications

Website: https://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Wireless Network Security Threats and Mitigation—A Survey

Mobile technology and wireless networking are the latest technologies finding their way in the US healthcare system. One major concern about the use of wireless technology in healthcare is that the signals traveling through the atmosphere are apt to be eavesdropped and intercepted. On the other hand HIPAA and HITECH Acts hold the healthcare organizations and their associates responsible for the health information security and privacy of the patients and the public. A survey was conducted to learn about the views of the health information technology (HIT) managers and users to gauge their gravity of concern about this issue. Majority of the interviewees expressed their reservations about the use of mobile technology till it becomes perfect and foolproof security can be enforced.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Organizational Evolutions and Strategies of Family Businesses in Taiwan

They not only expanded the Taiwan economy, participated and witnessed the economic miracle in the past, but also formed the main part of overall enterprise structure in Taiwan through creating a great deal of employments, and thus made a stable and prosperous social life [2]. Many large enterprises in Taiwan are composed by family business, and most of them were growing up and becoming robust after going through obstacles in the way. For example, the leading manufacturing company, Foxconn Technology Group was mold and die manufacturer at first, and many companies from the 10 biggest international brands published by the Ministry of Economic Affairs (2012) [3] such like ASUS, ACER, MAXXIS and GIANT were also grown up from family business or small enterprises. Now they are the models and mirrors for the family business. Through observation and review of mass literatures, this paper explores the organizational evolutions in structure and the possible appropriate strategies for the family businesses in Taiwan. The major findings in this study are: 1) the organizational evolutions are from simple structure to functional, divisional and compound structure; 2) the leadership patterns are from affection-directed to regulation-directed and rationality-directed approach; 3) the strategies are from localization to internationalization. Finally, this paper constructs an integrated model based on above findings.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Knowledge Integration in ISD Project Teams: A Transactive Memory Perspective

Many organizations frequently establish information system development (ISD) project teams in order to solve specific problems. Knowledge tends to be stored within individuals who are often dispersed over time. However, knowledge integration is required to solve new types of problems. The transactive memory system (TMS) has been suggested as a critical mechanism for facilitating knowledge integration as part of the team’s processes. TMS can help the knowledge team to recognize the presence of individuals with diverse knowledge and optimize their value. In this paper, we use TMS and the concept of “collective mind” to explain how the team members’ heedful inter-relations and mindful comprehension function within the social system. We also discuss in detail how antecedent factors affect TMS. Drawing on data from a study of 339 part-time MBA students who were members of knowledge teams, the findings of this research showed that all our hypotheses were statically significant. Discussions and implications for academics and practitioners are provided.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Role of Leadership in the Organization and the Administration of Women’s Agricultural Cooperatives in Greece

The aim of the research is to provide answers to the questions “how” and “why” the chairwomen affect the organization and the administration of cooperatives and it is focused on the administrative, social, cognitive, personal and entrepreneurial skills of chairwomen. The results of a qualitative study involving 12 chairwomen of rural women’s Traditional Food Production Cooperatives of the Prefecture of Heraklion indicated that their role was multiple and complex and it affected positively the organizational and entrepreneurial process of the Cooperatives. On the other hand, the research indicated that the chairwomen’s role did not differ significantly from the role of other members. Their role in the organization and operation of the Cooperatives is more managerial and less leadership.


Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Research of Status’s Influence on Consumers’ Self-Brand Connection with Luxury Brands: Moderating Role of Self-Esteem and Vanity

This research explores the influence that the status of consumers makes on their self-brand connection with luxury brands, as well as the regulating effect of self-esteem and vanity from the perspective of Chinese cultural background. The analysis of the data shows that: in traditional Chinese cultural background, the higher the status of the consumer is, the higher the comsumer’s self-brand connection with luxury brands is, and vice verse. Self-esteem and vanity have a regulating effect on this relationship. When consumers’ self-esteem level is low, if their status is lower too, then their self-brand connection with luxury brands is higher than that of the high status; and when consumers’ self-esteem level is high, the result is opposite. The level of consumers’ social status has no significant effect on their self-brand connection with luxury brands when they are in low vanity, while to highly peacockish consumers, the self-brand connection with luxury brands of those with low status is significantly lower than that of the high status. We also have discussed the results and given the marketing proposal in the end.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Good Corporate Governance Structures: A Must for Family Businesses

Since good corporate governance contributes to sustainable economic development by enhancing the performance of companies, it is imperative that companies adopts good corporate governance structures to enable them grow. Family businesses are an often overlooked form of business ownership in today’s world, yet they constitute a majority of the businesses. This means that families own a significant share of businesses and can influence important decisions in today’s business world. However, according to Neubauer and Lank, until recently, the study of corporate governance in family business has been a largely neglected area of research [1]. As family businesses are an important component of every economy and play a critical role in promoting growth of a country’s economy, as they grow, they face same challenges and pressures as any major corporation. To succeed, they must remain ahead of the competition, adopt good corporate governance practices and skillfully navigate through market changes. This paper is an empirical study from the current authors’ previous work on the topic “Corporate Governances in Ghanaian Family Businesses: A Conceptual Framework” [2]. It examines the state of corporate governance environment and the nature of the governance system employed by family businesses using Ghanaian family businesses as a case study. The paper underlines why it is important for family businesses to adopt good corporate governance structures and attempts to understand the point of view from the subjects’ perspective, due to the complex social situations that exist in the family businesses.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Behavior: A Literature Review

The concept “brand image” has drawn significant attention from academics and practitioners since it was put forward, because it played an important role in marketing activities. Although brand image was recognized as the driving force of brand asset and brand performance, few studies have elaborated on the relationship between brand image and brand equity. Based on the brand image theories, this study reviewed extant studies about the impact of brand image on consumer from perspective of customer equity. It also presented the shortcomings of current research and pointed out the trends for future study.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Advertising Effectiveness: An Approach Based on What Consumers Perceive and What Advertisers Need

We propose a 3D-effectiveness key performance indicator involving the weighted prominence of three factors: recall, brand image and buying intention. In this way, the indicator proposed improves the metrics of this type known in the Spanish market. Using experimental data about 20 fixed brands and other 12 variable brands collected along the 52 weeks of a year, we find that this indicator reflects consumer’s perceptions and that it fits advertising company’s needs. We have developed a web tool to provide the market with a benchmark measure of advertising effectiveness. Finally, we discuss future research lines.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

How a Proper Performance Related Reward System Can Contribute to Work Performance Excellence

Performance related rewards came in picture in recent years for so many reasons. That includes rewards as motivation for employees to excel, reduce employer-employee conflicts and ensure fair reward treatments. This also includes a response to a call of worker’s dissatisfaction at work, poor work performance, negative attitudes, lack of motivation and agency problems. These “ills” will only be “cured” if there are proper performance measures in place. This study examined how a proper performance related reward system can be used as a tool to enhance work performance. The study include different performance related reward systems that may be embraced by management to foster work performance, what performance appraisal measures need to be put in place and the relationship between performance related reward systems and work performance. The benefits of embracing the Performance based rewards are also discussed.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Investment Value Evaluation of Hi-Tech Industry: Based on Multi-Factor Dynamic Model

After the regression, we can draw conclusions: Firstly, hi-tech industries in China are mostly in the growth stage and maturity stage. Investment value of the industries in the growth stage are mostly influenced by market premium factor, market factor, P/E ratio factor and R & D density factor, while hi-tech industries in maturity stage are mainly affected by the market premium factor, market factor, P/E ratio factor. Secondly, dynamic multi-factor model can measure the investment value of hi-tech industries adequately. The conclusions give a reference for investors on how to make investment plan on the stocks of hi-tech enterprises, and provide some policy recommendations on the way promoting hi-tech enterprises to enhance their core technology as well.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Work Behavior Analysis of FMCG Salesman

In the background of cut-throat competition in the FMCG industry, work behaviors of the salesman at the forefront of the business play an important role to achieve the marketing objectives. Based on the sales behaviors and related scale development theory, and following the logic of analyzing FMCG sales order work stages first, and then the sales order work contents of each stage, and the work behavior characteristics of sales order of each stage at last, the work behavior of FMCG salesman is discussed in this paper.

Website:  http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

An Overview of the Design School of Strategic Management

Since its emergence in the 1960’s, the field of strategic management and strategy formulation has evolved into a complex area of study, even for the most knowledgeable and experienced strategist. Strategy Safari (FT Prentice Hall, 2002), subtitled “A Guided Tour through the Wilds of Strategic Management” by Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel is an overview of the full field of academic and business studies of strategy formulation, based on previous lecture series delivered by Mintzberg. In that book, the authors identified ten (10) schools of strategy formulation. One of which is the design school. The “design school” of strategic management, which focuses on a non-complex model that perceives the process of strategic formation as a design process to reach a satisfactory balance between internal distinctive competence and external threat and opportunity. Strategy formation should be a conscious, informal and controlled process of thought. While the model has limitations, four conditions may encourage an organization to use the design school model, including when relevant knowledge has been established and a situation is stable; an organization can cope with a centrally articulated strategy; and one person can handle all data connected to developing strategy. There are several criticisms of the design school of thought on its reliability and validity. The authors have counteracted with these criticisms and explained that it is based on assumptions which are misleading, as the concept propagated by design school was over simplified and restricted in application.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

A Framework for Stakeholder Identification and Classification in Construction Projects

Current construction is implemented in highly demanding and complex built environments where projects are executed by coalitions of multiple stakeholders that have divergent interests, objectives, and socio-cultural backgrounds. These projects face challenges in not only identifying and managing stakeholders but also satisfying their requirements. This paper introduces a framework that is developed to assist project managers in facilitating stakeholder management and requirement engineering, especially in the project initiation phase. The framework optimizes the value creation of the project through stakeholder identification, classification, and requirement engineering. The framework is also applied in two construction projects.

Website:http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/ 

Emotional Intelligence and Ethics on Organizations

Constitute the sample 404 exporting companies and/or with interest in exporting of AICEP database—Portugal Agency for Investment and External Commerce. The methodological procedures adopted in the research, consisted of a quantitative approach using fundamentally multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression too. Data collection was performed by administering a questionnaire. Findings: Emotional Intelligence predicted perceptions of the role of Ethics in Success. The role of Emotional Intelligence was attested asapredictor in Individual Ethics, and the predictor role of these two in Perceptions of Other’s Ethics. Emotional Intelligence was significantly correlated with Self-Esteem, Social Desirability, Individual Ethics and Perceptions of Other’s Ethics.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Role of Fiscal Policy in Spain from 2007 to 2010 and the Influence of Aggregate Public Spending on Economic Growth

In the early stages of the crisis that is currently affecting the Spanish economy, the fiscal policy that excessively resorted to automatic stabilizers helped overwhelm the deficit and public debt. In this context, first, in this paper we analyse the trend and variation rate of government revenue as well as expenditure on final consumption and government investment in the last 15 years in relation to the business cycle. In another vein, we also explore and quantify the impact of the countercyclical policies provided from 2007 to 2010 and their impact on the tax burden, which enables us to evaluate the stabilizing role of fiscal policy and thus highlight its fragility. Second, given the challenges of budgetary stability facing the Spanish economy, and always based on the above analysis in which we display the limited room for fiscal manoeuvre, we present the effects of aggregate public spending in a systematic and quantified way as well as its composition as an instrument of fiscal policy. In this framework, a long term stable equilibrium relationship is studied, based on two bivariate models that cointegrate econometrically, that is to say, to estimate models for error correction for cointegrated nonstationary series (and ultimately able to anticipate the evolution of the Spanish economy), we estimate and assess the contribution of spending on investment and government final consumption on aggregate output as well as its differential effect, to assess the concrete impact of the measures applied and ultimately the role of fiscal policy implemented in the early years of the crisis and those that will be designed in the future. Finally, the main conclusion given by the model of behaviour for the final consumption expenditure of general government and GDP, is the existence of delayed adverse effects on the rate of growth of public spending on growth rate GDP. Taking into account the response function of GDP for a boost in public consumption, we estimate that with a lag of two years, an increase in the growth rate of public consumption is falling in the rates of change of aggregate output. Moreover, we can also deduce that the delayed effects of the rate of decline in public investment have a negative impact on economic growth.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Motivating Generation Y and Virtual Teams

How can team members remain effective if members cannot engage in face-to-face interactions? Although the concept of global virtual teams has been a relatively new phenomenon, their use by organizations is a growing trend. The growth of globalization and the explosion of new technology have led to a new paradigm—a workplace that has no walls or boundaries. The purpose of the qualitative, descriptive study was to explore the motivational needs of Gen Y virtual team members and their impact in the workplace based on Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation. The participants consisted of Gen Y members at the Lakeland,Florida. The author used a researcher-developed, written survey as research methodology. The findings of the study revealed that Gen Y cohort placed great importance to both hygiene and motivator factors in their motivational needs. Advancement and personal life were both important to Gen Y participants. Managers must be flexible in their managerial approach to Gen Y workers.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Theory of the Organization and the New Paradigms

This paper proposes to tackle a subject that many authors have warned should not be taken lightly: “the new paradigms of Science” and the theory of management. The paper begins with a brief explanation about the changing environment which began during the 1970s. This section contains background and relevant criticism made by several authors, and sets out the argument for the need to change to a new paradigm. This is followed by an exploration of new concepts and ideas that have emerged in New Science that have direct relevance to developing new organizational models. Finally, a way to envision and conceptualize the organization as a living entity and to undertake the construction of a new paradigm is suggested.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Partnership Evaluation in Local Authorities in Spain

The work considers a number of theoretical approaches to partnership, and reports the results of a survey investigating the state of the partnerships that various local authorities have participated in to help improve training and access to the labour market for the unemployed. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate these partnerships. The main findings indicate that the main partner, the driving force behind the partnership, makes a more positive evaluation of the partnership than the minor partners, and that the partnership dimensions that are most valued and hence contribute most to the success of the partnership are Promotion of the involvement of collaborators and relevant outside institutions, and Basic elements and realism of the partnership, while the dimensions that are least valued are Emergence of a work network, and Evaluation and learning. We also find that satisfaction with the partnership is conditioned by the intensity of the collaboration.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/biosciences/american-research-journal-of-biosciences/

Integration Management of Western Acquisitions in ameerica

Researchers have identified numerous reasons for employee resistance. First, a general scepticism or fear after the announcement of an M&A, also known as the 'merger syndrome', results in distrust, tension and hostility between employees and senior management (Blake and Mouton, 1985; Marks and Mirvis, 1986). Even if only very few changes are to be implemented, M&A activity has a destabilizing effect on the involved employees (Nikandrou et al., 2000). Second, differences in management styles have been found to be negatively correlated with M&A success (Datta, 1991). Third, cultural issues, both at organizational and national level, have been identified as a main success factor (Cartwright and Cooper, 1993; Morosoni et al., 1998; Amano and Suzuki, 2002). While the majority of scholars agree that organizational cultural fit positively influences integration outcomes (eg Cartwright and Cooper, 1993), they have found mixed and even contradictory results on the effects of national cultural fit (Olie, 1994; Morosoni et al., 1998). Barkema et al. (1996) argue that cross-border M&A might be more difficult, since companies have to engage in a double-layered acculturation, that is both organizational and national cultural integration.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Future of Corporate Social Responsibility

Here, the voluntary and discretionary expenditures of business on social and environmental projects are seen to be more closely aligned with corporate risk management and reputation-building than with corporate strategy. After some observations about terminology and philosophical attitudes, the paper notes the growing pressure on business to undertake discretionary social and environmental expenditures and to account publicly for such activities through institutionalized annual reporting. Some recent international initiatives to foster and popularize corporate social responsibility are summarized and their features briefly assessed, as is one attempt to measure corporate social responsibility. The paper seeks to illuminate the 'hidden' issues in this increasingly popular contemporary movement. The most important of these are to identify who ultimately pays for such expenditures and who ultimately makes decisions about them. At the same time it is noted that the capabilities of private business in the social arena may sometimes exceed those of government. The paper concludes with a number of judgements about the nature and legitimacy of this contemporary development and also about its future.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

International Expansion Strategies of Korean Venture Firms: Entry Mode Choice and Performance

This study seeks to advance the state of our theoretical as well as empirical understanding of the determinants of entry mode choice and internationalization performance of new ventures. Based on three leading theoretical perspectives — transaction costs, social networks and absorptive capacity — we develop hypotheses focusing on the role of technology-based advantage, the social networks of start-up team members and the absorptive capacity of employees in predicting entry mode choice and new venture internationalization performance. Using data on the internationalization of new Korean ventures, we find evidence that social network and absorptive capacity theories have considerable explanatory power beyond that of transaction cost theory in predicting entry mode choice and the internationalization performance of new ventures.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Stakeholders and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): A New Perspective on the Structure of Relationships

This paper analyses the characteristics of relationships between stakeholders and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stakeholders. Previous researches on relationships between enterprises and stakeholders have demonstrated two characteristics, of 'restriction' and 'transaction', but they do not appear to shed much light on recent developments. This is partly due to the new trend of corporate dialogue with stakeholders, aimed either at addressing social issues or with a view to acquiring a positive perception through such dialogue; we see this process as one of 'value creation'. Stakeholder dialogue is more established in Europe, where CSR has developed most extensively, than elsewhere. Today, European enterprises are moving towards a standardized system to formalize and evaluate the value of stakeholder dialogue. Japanese opinion, however, is not always in favor of such standardization, as in Nonaka' Knowledge Creation Theory, which argues that all innovation is produced through a creative process of solving contradictions and conflicts, rather than through applying objective processes. This paper discusses the context of stakeholder dialogue and the Japanese perception of its application.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Counterbalancing Olympic Sponsorship Efforts

This paper provides an empirical insight into the perception and use of ambush marketing on the People's Republic of China public television network CCTV5 (the official Olympic broadcaster), by examining the commercials used by various corporations during its coverage of the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. A five-point categorization is presented to distinguish between various methods of ambushing. Despite the efforts of the Beijing government to fight ambush marketing ahead of its Olympic Games in 2008, the results demonstrate that concerns about the practice of ambush marketing in China must be taken seriously. An analysis of 40 commercial spots was carried out, based on China's 2002 Olympic Symbol Protection Law, as well as a comparison of ambush marketing on Chinese CCTV5 with nine other nations. This paper concludes with some theoretical considerations concerning general protection of Olympic sponsors and reflects on particular cultural backgrounds in China that may relate to ambush marketing.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Exploring the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

The hypotheses formulated for the study were tested using correlation analysis, regression analysis, T-test and analysis of variance with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that the joint effect of independent variables (Reward system, Job related stress, Job meaningfulness, Training, and Supervisory role) jointly and independently predicted Organizational commitment. The research also indicated that there was a significant relationship between reward system and organizational commitment. There was also a significant difference between training and organizational commitment. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that the management should try as much as possible to give constant attention to things that can enhance job satisfaction. Also, promotion and recruitment should be based on merit, performance on the job, initiative, educational qualifications and experience.

Website:  http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Logistic Approach to the Dependence of Efficiency of Scientific-and-Technical Projects on Resources

In the logistic equation, for the first time it has been offered the parameter r – the level of creativity inherent to a scientific team, which depends on the whole set of factors, namely: scientific level and experience of the leader and co-workers, their medium age and ambitions, and work conditions as well, including psychological climate and using the promising methods for stimulation to achieve high results. When resources are limited, at the initial stages of performing investigations it is expedient to determine the most promising and efficient direction for development and concentrate all the resources for its realization. It has been ascertained that the break in FINANCING prevents efficient using the supplied resources.

Website:  http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Role of Indian Mutual Funds in Financial Inclusion: Public Vs Private Sector

The mutual fund organizations are taking active part in financial inclusiveness and they are promoting INVESTMENT habit among the investors. At present there are 37 Asset Management Companies (AMCs) comprise the mutual fund industry and manage assets over Rs 8075 billion. This industry has undergone spectacular growth in recent years, making this study one of extreme interest. In this context, this paper is intended to examine the role of mutual fund organization in financial inclusiveness with reference to performance through public and private sector.

Website:  http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Chaotic Monopoly Profit Growth Model and a Pigouvian Tax

Deterministic chaos refers to irregular or chaotic motion that is generated by nonlinear systems. The chaotic behavior is not to quantum-mechanical-like uncertainty. Chaos theory is used to prove that erratic and chaotic fluctuations can indeed arise in completely deterministic models. Chaotic systems exhibit a sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Seemingly insignificant changes in the initial conditions produce large differences in outcomes. The basic aim of this paper is to construct a relatively simple chaotic growth model of the monopoly price that is capable of generating stable equilibria, cycles, or chaos. A key hypothesis of this work is based on the idea that the coefficient μ = f (n - b - d ) plays a crucial role in explaining local stability of the monopoly profit, where, b - the coefficient of the total cost function of the monopoly firm, n - the coefficient of the inverse demand function, d - the Pigovian tax rate.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Linear Programming Problem and Post Optimality Analyses in Fuzzy Space: A Case Study of a Bakery Industry

This paper investigates recent techniques that have been developed for optimization of linear programming problems. In practice, there are many problems in which all decision parameters are fuzzy numbers, and such problems are usually solved by either probabilistic programming or multi objective programming methods. Unfortunately all these methods have shortcomings. In this paper, using the concept of comparison of fuzzy numbers, it is introduced a very effective method for solving these problems. With the problem assumptions, the optimal solution can still be theoretically solved using the simplex based method. To handle the fuzzy decision variables can be initially generated and then solved and improved sequentially using the fuzzy decision approach by introducing Robust’s ranking technique. The model is illustrated with a case study application. The proposed procedure was programmed and through MATLAB (R2009a) version software, the four dimensional slice diagram is represented to the application. Finally, the real case problem is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results, and to gain additional managerial insights for decision making.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

An Empirical Study of Consumer Ethics: A Comparative Study of Two Firms of Faisalabad

Ethics are very important factor in today business. We have conducted this study to identify consumer ethics and their buying behavior in Particular two Organizations of Faisalabad, to study the consumer ethics we used four different dimensions. The purpose of this paper to find the situation in which consumer behaves unethically in Pakistan. And the result compares with previous consumer ethics researches. It is an exploratory research for the purpose of seeing the consumer ethics. The study shows that different consumers behave differently in term of ethical point of view. Our study shows that customers similar in terms of Machiavellianism they display. Limitation in this paper is that the study was conducted only in Faisalabad. Another problem is that time; willingness and mood of the customers also affect the responses. This is an exploratory research and the results are not claimed to be generalized. So the further research should be made on social and political problems which affect the ethical behaviors and try to generalize the results.

Website:  http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Study on Work Place Behaviour: Role of Person-Organization Fit, Person-Job Fit

anaging the workforce effectively is cumbersome and is also one of the key success factors of any organization. While managing workforce a manager deals with many factors affecting the performance of organization including workplace behaviour. It has significant role in determining the performance of employees due to this reason now the importance of workplace behaviour is being recognized gradually. This study explored the association b/w person-organization fit (PO-fit) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), person job fit (PJ-fit) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), person-organization fit (PO-fit) and deviant behaviours (DB), person job fit (PJ-fit) and deviant behaviours (OCB) and the role of empowerment as moderator has been be analyzed. Responses were collected from 307 respondents, through questionnaires, from service sector of Pakistan where telecommunication and banks were taken under study. Regression analysis were use to test the hypothesis. Results showed significant positive association of PO-fit and PJ-fit with that of OCB. Relation of DB with that of PO-fit remains disconfirmed whereas unsupported with of PJ-fit. Moreover empowerment was found to moderate only between PJ-fit and OCB, but not between PO-fit and OCB. Further studies are needed to explore more about antecedent and consequences of DB and the exploring more factors that influence OCB.

Website:  http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

A Constructive Confrontation Approach to Managing Organizational Culture

The goal of this paper is to present the constructive confrontation approach to management of organizational culture. The approach provides for transformation of confrontation caused by differences between the new values of a declared organizational culture and the current values of employees in constructive process. Constructive confrontation allows for the concentration of energies and capacities of employees induced by confrontation in their productive adoption of new organizational cultural values. The approach development intends planning of organizational cultural change, and managing the adoption of new organizational cultural values by employees. Planning involves: building a structure of desired organizational values, setting the order of adoption of the new values, and determination of interrelated actions of employees generated by the new organizational values in accordance to the set order. Managing the adoption of new values involves forming a dynamic managerial team, receiving feedback on value adoption as a result of determining value adoption measure, and responding to feedback through complex and flexible use of the constructive confrontation tools.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Measuring the Performance of Dry Bulk Cargo Loading and Unloading

Aimed at detection and prioritization of causes of delay in dry bulk cargo loading/unloading operation at the relevant terminal of Latakia port of Syria, the present research has been conducted by use of PROMETHEE method in three stages. In the first stage, the number of lags and halts in loading/unloading operation (hereinafter referred to as L/U operation) and the involving causes during a specific period were studied. As well, brain storming cessions attended by experts from the mentioned terminal were held during which seventeen numbers of causes of delay were detected. Then, based on the criteria of determination of causes occurrence probability (occurrence frequency), the extent of causes impact on process after occurrence (severity) and probability of detection of causes before having impact on the process (detection), the causes were scored in form of a scale ranging from 1 to 10. In the second stage, using AHP method, the mentioned criteria were weighted. The criterion of occurrence probability was the most weighted (0.43) and the criterion of detection probability was the least weighted (0.26). Based on the obtained scores by each one of the causes, the matrix of decision making was formed and the mentioned causes were ranked by use of PROMETHEE method.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

Construct Specification and Misspecification within the Application of Push-Pull-Mooring Theory of Switching Behaviour

This paper principally addresses the issue of construct specification and misspecification within the context of the application of Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory of consumer switching behaviour (CSB), and what implications it has for practicing marketing researchers. Despite the prospects of the PPM framework as a dominant paradigm for current and future research, there is evidence of divergent specification of constructs for the PPM framework in empirical studies. This study addresses this problem by applying empirical guidelines to determine the correct specification for the PPM framework, and uses an empirical illustration to demonstrate the potential consequence of misspecifying the PPM constructs in business. The findings indicate that about 67% level of construct misspecification exist in available research applying the PPM model in CSB literature. Pull, Push, and Mooring effects are identified as multi-dimensional construct that should follow a first-order reflective, second-order formative specification in the application of the full model. The findings also indicate that misspecification has potentially negative consequence on the validity, content and parsimony of measurement models in the PPM framework. Recommendations for practicing researchers are discussed. The paper furthers our understanding of construct specification and misspecification in theory development in business research.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/

The Study of Contingency Components Roles in the Design of Municipals' Accounting Systems: A Case Study

Generally, the main idea of contingency view is that there is no sole best way to solve a problem or do a specific job. The best way depends on the situation. This is an applied- survey research. In this research, there are four variables, organisation structure, technology, organisation environment, and human resources as contingency components which are considered as predetermined components in designing accounting systems. This research tries to answer the question which states whether contingency components are considered in designing Municipals accounting systems in Khuzestan province (Iran)? In this research, first we received the data by sending the questionnaires manually to accountants, accountant managers and experts in 34 municipal districts and centres in Khuzestan province. Then, the data of selected samples are analysed based on single sample T- test, independent T, and Chi-Square leading to the results of this research. The findings show that the accounting systems of Khuzestan province municipals are mostly designed based on contingency components which in comparison with similar researches, are significantly contradictory. The respondents’ viewpoint about “human resources” component has not been articulated profoundly and suitably. In this research, it has been clearly found that the role that “organization structure” plays in designing accounting system is not more than that of “organization environment”.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/business-and-management/american-research-journal-of-business-and-management/